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11.
M. P. Atherton  A. A. Ghani 《Lithos》2002,62(3-4):65-85
None of the existing models for calc-alkaline “Late Granite” (Siluro–Devonian) genesis in the metamorphic Caledonian orogenic belt of Ireland and Scotland fully explains their spatial, age or chemical character. A consistent model must involve the closure of Iapetus Ocean, where slab breakoff is a natural consequence of attempted subduction of continental crust. Expected outcome is a long linear belt of high-K, calc-alkaline magmas, some with characteristic trace element signatures, specifically high Ba, Sr and Zr. Other features include the critical magmatic association of coeval appinite and granite, rapid uplift, erosion and the low-grade regional metamorphism in the Southern Uplands. The linear heat pulse on breakoff is spatially, intensity and time limited producing small volume melts emplaced as separated plutons, over a short time span. Magmatism in the Caledonian metamorphic belt is accurately accounted for by slab breakoff on collision of Baltica with the Scoto–Greenland margin during the Scandian orogeny, following Iapetus Ocean closure. The two chemically, isotopically and areally distinctive suites in the metamorphic belt in Scotland, viz. the Argyll and Cairngorm Suites, can be modelled by reference to the Donegal granites where sequential partial melting of new, lamprophyric underplated crust, then shallower old crust, as heat conduction moved up through the crust on slab breakoff, produced magmas characteristic of the two suites.  相似文献   
12.
A swath bathymetric survey was conducted on Marsili Volcano, the biggest seamount in the Tyrrhenian Sea. It stands 3000 m above the surrounding oceanic crust of the 3500 m-deep Marsili back-arc basin and is axially located within the basin. The seamount has an elongated shape and presents distinctive morphology, with narrow (<1000 m) ridges, made up of several elongated cones, on the summit zone and extensive cone fields on its lower flanks. A dredging campaign carried out at water depths varying between 3400 and 600 m indicates that most of Marsili Seamount is composed of medium-K calc-alkaline basalts. Evolved high-K andesites were only recovered from the small cones on the summit axis zone. Petrological and geochemical characteristics of the least differentiated basalts reveal that at least two varieties of magmas have been erupted on the Marsili Volcano. Group 1 basalts have plagioclase and olivine as dominant phases and show lower Al, Ca, K, Ba, Rb and Sr, and higher Fe, Na, Ti and Zr with respect to a second type of basaltic magma. Group 2 basalts reveal the presence of clinopyroxene as an additional phenocryst phase. In addition, the two basaltic magmas have different original pre-eruptive H2O content (group 1, H2O-poor and group 2, H2O-rich). Moreover, comparison of the compositional trends and mineralogical compositions obtained from MELTS [Ghiorso, M.S., Sack, R.O., Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 119 (1995) 197–212] fractional crystallization calculations reveal that the evolved andesites can only exclusively be derived from a low-pressure (0.3 kbar) fractionation of magmas compositionally similar to the least evolved group 2 basalts. Finally, we suggest that the high vesicularity of the basalts sampled at relatively great depths (>2400 m) on the edifice is governed by H2O and, probably, CO2 exsolution and is not a feature indicative of shallow water depth eruption.  相似文献   
13.
雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩的氦、氩同位素组成分别是:蛇绿岩中变质橄榄岩的^3He/^4He比值为1.104-3.384Ra,平均为2.383Ra;玄武岩的He同位素组成比较均一,^3He/^4He平均值为5.359 Ra;辉绿岩的^3He/^4He比值变化较大,为1—5Ra。由于各岩石样品有不同程度的蚀变,造成放射性成因He的加入,因此大多数样品He同位素组成比低于亏损地幔大洋中脊玄武岩的值(MORB≈8Ra),不能真实反映源区特征。而采自吉定的辉绿岩样品^3He/^4He比值平均高达31.57Ra,与夏威夷发现的热点地幔源区的样品比值接近;分步加热法进一步测试,其高比值的He是在低温区段释放的。这种高^3He/^4He比值He的捕获,表明雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩形成时存在地幔柱型富集地幔岩浆作用。  相似文献   
14.
在对火山岩筒、火山角砾岩以及火山喷发特征综合分析的基础上,结合有关隐爆角砾岩筒和次火山岩筒的成因研究,从隐爆作用和隐爆角砾岩筒形成模式的角度分析了火山岩筒的成因,提出了火山岩筒是隐爆作用成因的观点;在此基础上初步探讨了岩浆作用的过程,认为隐爆作用应属于岩浆作用过程中的一个重要阶段。  相似文献   
15.
Merapi Volcano (Central Java, Indonesia) has been frequently active during Middle to Late Holocene time producing basalts and basaltic andesites of medium-K composition in earlier stages of activity and high-K magmas from 1900 14C yr BP to the present. Radiocarbon dating of pyroclastic deposits indicates an almost continuous activity with periods of high eruption rates alternating with shorter time spans of distinctly reduced eruptive frequency since the first appearance of high-K volcanic rocks. Geochemical data of 28 well-dated, prehistoric pyroclastic flows of the Merapi high-K series indicate systematic cyclic variations. These medium-term compositional variations result from a complex interplay of several magmatic processes, which ultimately control the periodicity and frequency of eruptions at Merapi. Low eruption rates and the absence of new influxes of primitive magma from depth allow the generation of basaltic andesite magma (56–57 wt% SiO2) in a small-volume magma reservoir through fractional crystallisation from parental mafic magma (52–53 wt% SiO2) in periods of low eruptive frequency. Magmas of intermediate composition erupted during these stages provide evidence for periodic withdrawal of magma from a steadily fractionating magma chamber. Subsequent periods are characterised by high eruption rates that coincide with shifts of whole-rock compositions from basaltic andesite to basalt. This compositional variation is interpreted to originate from influxes of primitive magma into a continuously active magma chamber, triggering the eruption of evolved magma after periods of low eruptive frequency. Batches of primitive magma eventually mix with residual magma in the magmatic reservoir to decrease whole-rock SiO2 contents. Supply of primitive magma at Merapi appears to be sufficiently frequent that andesites or more differentiated rock types were not generated during the past 2000 years of activity. Cyclic variations also occurred during the recent eruptive period since AD 1883. The most recent eruptive episode of Merapi is characterised by essentially uniform magma compositions that may imply the existence of a continuously active magma reservoir, maintained in a quasi-steady state by magma recharge. The whole-rock compositions at the upper limit of the total SiO2 range of the Merapi suite could also indicate the beginning of another period of high eruption rates and shifts towards more mafic compositions.  相似文献   
16.
答“对秦岭奥长环斑花岗岩质疑”   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8  
环斑花岗岩是一种特殊结构的花岗岩类,并且多数产在元古宙克拉通中。笔者曾报道了在秦岭造山带中发育有印支期具有环斑结构的花岗质岩石。“对秦岭奥长环斑花岗岩质疑”一文认为它们不是环斑花岗岩,并引用Ramo的图表来说明自己的观点。本文将从以下几方面进行讨论:秦岭环斑花岗岩的研究历史;环斑花岗岩的定义;世界上环斑花岗岩的成因类型;秦岭环斑花岗岩的副矿物及铁镁含量和环斑钾长石特征;秦岭环斑花岗岩与基性岩共存等。本文还论证了秦岭环斑花岗岩不同于元古宙非造山环斑花岗岩,而是一种造山型的环斑花岗岩,其形成于后造山环境,是挤压(造山)向拉张(稳定)转折时期的产物。最后对研究秦岭环斑花岗岩的几个理论问题进行了探讨。  相似文献   
17.
The bimodal magmatism of central Jebilet is dated to 330.5+0.68?0.83 Ma by UPb dating on zircons. This age, similar to that of the syntectonic Jebilet cordierite-bearing granitoids, corresponds to the age of the local major tectonometamorphic event. The syntectonic plutonism of the Jebilet massif, composed of tholeiitic, alkaline, and peraluminous calc-alkaline series, is variegated. Magmas emplacement was favoured by the local extension induced by the motion along the western boundary of the Carboniferous basins of the Moroccan Meseta. The Jebilet massif exemplifies the activation of various magmas sources during an episode of continental convergence and crustal wrenching.  相似文献   
18.
冀北印支期碱性岩浆活动及其地球动力学意义   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
冀北印支期碱性岩浆活动及其地球动力学意义张招崇(中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037)王永强(中国地质科学院西安地质矿产研究所,西安710054)关键词碱性岩浆印支期冀北地球动力学燕山地区是否存在印支期的构造、岩浆活动一直存在着争论。过去多数人...  相似文献   
19.
北秦岭古聚会带壳幔再循环   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10  
以同构造期代表古洋壳残片的蛇绿岩及产于古岛弧的玄武岩为基础,通过Nd,Pb同位素与微量元素示踪及岩浆源区分析,揭示出北秦岭元古宙上地幔以强亏损(εNd(t)+6.3~+7.3)和高的Yb/Hf,Nb/La和Th/La比值为特征,北秦岭地壳和上地幔明显具有Pb同位素比值高的特征.北秦岭丹凤群岛弧火山岩、二郎坪群弧后玄武岩以及松树沟蛇绿岩中变拉斑玄武岩εNd(t)、放射成因Pb同位素、Y/Tb和Ti-MgO研究表明,本区玄武岩存在两类性质不同的岩浆源.一类与亏损的北秦岭岩石圈上地幔源区有关;另一类与携带海洋沉积物的洋壳板块俯冲参与有关.由此,论证了北秦岭古聚会带壳幔之间物质再循环  相似文献   
20.
在中国阿尔泰山南缘造山带的地质研究工作中发现,在这里存在一套有成生联系的花岗深成岩和火山岩系,它们不是板块汇聚阶段的产物,而是地壳拉张作用阶段的产物,它们形成于被动大陆边缘演化阶段。我们把这种大陆边缘称之为岩浆型波动陆缘,以便与无岩浆活动的大西洋型大陆边缘相区别。  相似文献   
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